In the drafting process, he struggled with how to best express this, referring first to a Censor on the public functionaries that, writing with freedom, could warn against deviations from the line of duty (. It is a satisfaction that we have maintained the war by our unaided exertions. But the picture has its lights as well as its shadows. Before noon on Monday, the 4th of March, Jefferson mounted his horseprobably Wildair, his prized bay saddle horseand rode the mile and a half up Pennsylvania Avenue from the President's House to the Capitol. In his opinion, the country's power rested in the individual states, and not in a strong central government. On the other side of the political aisle, the. But now he shifted his focus from preserving the union to restoring it. But in the heart of a people resolved to be free these disasters tend but to stimulate to increased resistance. Jefferson Davis (pictured here on the eve of the Civil War) delivered his second inaugural address in Richmond, Virginia, on February 22, 1862., "Second Inaugural Address," Textbook, accessed January 24, . and in any view, is it not better that the opposite bank of the Missisipi should be settled by our own brethren & children than by strangers of another family? Title. it is due to the zeal & wisdom of the characters thus selected, who lay the foundations of public happiness in wholsome laws, the execution of which alone remains for others. A month later, the Civil War started in earnest, and on February 22, 1862 (and Washington's birthday), Davis gave a second inaugural address, after winning an election under the permanent Confederate constitution. I shall need too the favour of that being in whose hands we are: who led our fathers, as Israel of old, from their native land; and planted them in a country flowing with all the necessaries & comforts of life; who has covered our infancy with his providence, & our riper years with his wisdom & power: & to whose goodness I ask you to join in supplications with me, that he will so enlighten the minds of your servants, guide their councils, & prosper their measures, that whatsoever they do shall result in your good, & shall secure to you the peace, friendship, & approbation of all nations. Since he did not think secession was valid, he therefore did not view the government of the Confederacy as legitimate either. these abuses of an institution, so important to freedom and science, are deeply to be regretted, inasmuch as they tend to lessen its usefulness and to sap its safety. they are combated by the habits of their bodies, prejudices of their minds, ignorance, pride, & the influence of interested & crafty individuals among them, who feel themselves something in the present order of things, and fear to become nothing in any other. War of conquest they cannot wage, because the Constitution of their Confederacy admits of no coerced association. I have therefore undertaken, on no occasion, to prescribe the religious exercises suited to it: but have left them, as the constitution found them, under the direction & discipline of the state or church authorities acknoleged by the several religious societies. Transcribed from Dunbar Rowland, ed., Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, Volume 5, pp. He made it clear that he did not approve of its practice and denounced slavery as one of the 'offenses' of God, who 'wills to remove' it from America. but the weaknesses of human nature, & the limits of my own understanding will produce errors of judgment sometimes injurious to your interests. . and when the constitution called them to the decision by suffrage, they pronounced their verdict, honorable to those who had served them, and consolatory to the friend of man, who believes that he may be trusted with the controul of his own affairs. Proceeding, fellow citizens, to that qualification which the constitution requires before my entrance on the charge again conferred on me, it is my duty to express the deep sense I entertain of this new proof of confidence from my fellow citizens at large, and the zeal with which it inspires me so to conduct myself as may best satisfy their just expectations. Note: this link will eventually disappear! Jeffersons use of it signals that in, Jefferson also struggled and held firm to another of the topics first marked for discussion, the licentiousness of the press. . Box 1892 Houston, Texas 77251-1892 Phone and Fax Numbers Phone: (713) 348-2586 Fax: (713) 348-6172 Email Address E-mail: . NHPRC The National Historical Publications and Records Commission(NHPRC) is part of the National If the acquiescence of foreign nations in a pretended blockade has deprived us of our commerce with them, it is fast making us a self-supporting and an independent people. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 Therefore we are in arms to renew such sacrifices as our fathers made to the holy cause of constitutional liberty. Summary In his first Inaugural Address as "Chief Executive" of the Confederate States, Davis justifies secession by asserting the rights of sovereign states to govern themselves, particularly with regards to economics and defense, and argues that the United States Constitution no longer functions as a document for all people as it was intended. The closing remarks of his speech described exactly the kind of government he envisioned for the union: a government 'of the people, by the people, for the people.'. Gallatin took issue with the presentation of the press in the draft he reviewed (see, When he had the address in the form he wanted, Jefferson used his polygraph to help him make multiple copies and submitted the final text to Samuel Harrison Smith for printing. In February of 1861, just two months before the official start of the Civil War, Jefferson Davis delivered his inaugural address to the Confederacy as its new leader. The first full text that survives is the finished address, Jefferson struggled with the two additional Genl. Battles have been fought, sieges have been conducted, and, although the contest is not ended, and the tide for the moment is against us, the final result in our favor is not doubtful. Whatever of hope some may have entertained that a returning sense of justice would remove the danger with which our rights were threatened, and render it possible to preserve the Union of the Constitution, must have been dispelled by the malignity and barbarity of the Northern States in the prosecution of the existing war. Jeffersonian America: Notes on the United States of America Collected in the Years 1805-6-7 and 11-12 by Sir Augustus John Foster, Bart. If the acquiescence of foreign nations in a pretended blockade has deprived us of our commerce with them, it is fast making us a self-supporting and an independent people. First Inaugural Address Washington, DC. 1805], To Samuel Harrison Smith, [ca. In giving these outlines, I do not mean, fellow citizens, to arrogate to myself the merit of the measures. Absent from the scene were some members of Congress who had left for home after the close of the session the previous day (Augustus Foster to Frederick Foster, 1 July 1805, in Vere Foster, ed., To deliver his inaugural address, Jefferson had prepared a special reading copy that is unlike any other document in his papers (see. In Jefferson Davis' inaugural address, he made it clear that he intended to separate from the North and give rights to slave owners. topics (general topics): the advantages of a peaceful system that made possible a favorable state of public finances in which the country had the ability to pay off its debts and eliminate internal taxes; removals from office; a third topic that he named only as Philosophy; and finally licentiousness of press (see, Using a process that he had come to employ in composing his annual messages to Congress, he proceeded to draft each of the topical sections independently. True to our traditions of peace and our love of justice, we sent commissioners to the United States to propose a fair and amicable settlement of all questions of public debt or property which might be in dispute. At the Capitol, a mixed assemblage of Senators, Populace, Representatives, and ladies gathered in the Senate chamber. How to Reach Us The Papers of Jefferson Davis Rice University--MS 215 P.O. in time of war, if injustice by ourselves or others must sometimes produce war, increased as the same revenue will be by increased population & consumption, & aided by other resources reserved for that crisis, it may meet within the year all the expences of the year, without encroaching on the rights of future generations by burthening them with the debts of the past. In each of the segments illustrated above, a single long stroke appears in a high position midway along the line. . and it is due to the able and faithful auxiliaries, whose patriotism has associated them with me in the executive functions. Thomas Jefferson's inaugural address, given on March 4, 1801, was a speech that outlined his vision for the country and his priorities as President. Fellow-Citizens:On this the birthday of the man most identified with the establishment of American independence, and beneath the monument erected to commemorate his heroic virtues and those of his compatriots, we have assembled to usher into existence the Permanent Government of the Confederate States. They resemble marks that Jefferson put on a draft of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. Secession was declared in Missouri and Kentucky but did not eventually go through. When he started is not known, as he did not put dates on any of the surviving draft fragments. Well, Lincoln disagreed. Contemplating the union of sentiment now manifested so generally, as auguring harmony & happiness to our future course, I offer to our country sincere congratulations. By 17 Apr., shortly after the address had reached the frontier of the United States in Louisiana, the London. Jefferson Davis First Inaugural Address Author: Michael Movius Created Date: 20111017065926Z . Once again, he did not express anger or hostility toward the South, but asked that they restore peace to the nation. Whether a government, conducting itself in the true spirit of its constitution with zeal and purity, and doing no act which it would be unwilling the whole world should witness, can be written down by falsehood & defamation? With humble gratitude and adoration, acknowledging the Providence which has so visibly protected the Confederacy during its brief but eventful career, to thee, O God, I trustingly commit myself, and prayerfully invoke thy blessing on my country and its cause. the public judgment will correct false reasonings & opinions, on a full hearing of all parties; and no other definite line can be drawn between the inestimable liberty of the press, and its demoralising licentiousness. In their various addresses to the nation, they articulated their views on the role of the union, government, and liberties of the people. they saw the latent source from which these outrages proceeded. Jack Shorter, an enslaved stable hand at the Presidents House, may have been the groom. It is not an authoritative final version. Lincoln agreed that this difference of opinion on slavery was the reason the Civil War was dragging on. The great principles upon which we have been willing to hazard everything that is dear to man have made conquests for us which could never have been achieved by the sword. His reelection proved that the majority of American citizens supported the administrations actions and remained immune to licentious printers influence. "Second Inaugural Address, 4 March 1805," Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/99-01-02-1302. they too have their Anti-Philosophists, who find an interest in keeping things in their present state; who dread reformation, and exert all their faculties to maintain the ascendancy of habit over the duty of improving our reason, & obeying its mandates. Davis helped set up a new government in the Confederacy, with the goal of making it similar to the United States. . A new Government has been established, and its machinery put in operation over an area exceeding seven hundred thousand square miles. To show ourselves worthy of the inheritance bequeathed to us by the patriots of the Revolution, we must emulate that heroic devotion which made reverse to them but the crucible in which their patriotism was refined. We have neither asked nor received assistance from any quarter. we have therefore liberally furnished them with the implements of husbandry & houshold use; we have placed among them instructors in the arts of first necessity; and they are covered with the Aegis of the law against aggressors from among ourselves. But the endeavors to enlighten them on the fate which awaits their present course of life, to induce them to exercise their reason, follow its dictates, & change their pursuits with the change of circumstances, have powerful obstacles to encounter. Fax: (713) 348-6172, Mailing Address: P.O. I highly recommend you use this site! The reading is in the pictures below the answer must be at least 250 words and include a quote from the reading. In other words, Davis justified the South's decision to secede by arguing that the Constitution allows oppressed citizens to rise up against the government. Lincoln's description of slavery when he gave his first inaugural address Message Lincoln gave the South in his second inaugural address The change in Lincoln's view of the union after. Nor would the constancy of these supplies be likely to be disturbed by war. On taking this station on a former occasion, I declared the principles on which I believed it my duty to administer the affairs of our commonwealth. For proof of the sincerity of our purpose to maintain our ancient institutions, we may point to the Constitution of the Confederacy and the laws enacted under it, as well as to the fact that through all the necessities of an unequal struggle there has been no act on our part to impair personal liberty or the freedom of speech, of thought, or of the press. Leonard Levys 1963 critical interpretation of the president, Seemingly in line with that new ethos of free speech, in. I shall need therefore all the indulgence which I have heretofore experienced from my constituents. 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