In its November 11 response, TransCanada pointed out fourteen different routes for Keystone XL were being studied, eight that impacted Nebraska. [77][78], In February 2019, District Judge Morris denied a request by TransCanada Corporation to begin constructing worker camps for pipeline although the company could begin construction of pipe storage and container yards as long as they were outside the proposed pipeline's right-of-way. [52], In September 2011, Cornell ILR Global Labor Institute released the results of the GLI Keystone XL Report, which evaluated the pipeline's impact on employment, the environment, energy independence, the economy, and other critical areas. 2022. [138] The report prompted 14 senators and congressmen to ask the State Department inspector general on October 26, 2011 "to investigate whether conflicts of interest tainted the process" for reviewing environmental impact. Whats more surprising is that these jobs will be non-local and of temporary nature. [notes 1][25] Phase III was opened on January 22, 2014, completing the pipeline path from Hardisty, Alberta to Nederland, Texas. [135] As of October 17, 2011, TransCanada had "34 eminent domain actions against landowners in Texas" and "22 in South Dakota". In April 2013, TransCanada Corporation changed the original proposed route of Keystone XL to minimize "disturbance of land, water resources and special areas"; the new route was approved by Nebraska Governor Dave Heineman in January 2013. [125] TransCanada's Pipeline Permit Application to the South Dakota Public Utilities Commission states project impacts that include potential physical disturbance, demolition or removal of "prehistoric or historic archaeological sites, districts, buildings, structures, objects, and locations with traditional cultural value to Native Americans and other groups".[126]. [201] Critics say that a major leak could ruin drinking water and devastate the mid-western U.S. [106] It runs through Nemaha, Brown and Doniphan counties in Kansas and Buchanan, Clinton, Caldwell, Montgomery, Lincoln and St. Charles counties in Missouri, before entering Madison County, Illinois. . In 2015, KXL was temporarily delayed by President Barack Obama. After more than 10 years of tenacious protests, drawn-out legal battles, and flip-flopping executive orders spanning three presidential administrations, the Keystone XL pipeline is now gone for good. Innovations in fracking had increased domestic production of oil and, according to the EIA, reduced annual demand of oil from foreign countries to an all-time low since 1985. The projects corporate backerthe Canadian energy infrastructure company TC Energyofficially abandoned the project in June 2021 following President Joe Bidens denial of a key permit on his first day in office. Meet some of the people who are striving to stop TransCanadas dirty tar sands oil pipeline once and for all. Complicating matters, leaks can be difficult to detect. This pipeline project is supposed to connect oil sands in Alberta, Canada, to different cities, including Nebraska, Steele, and Gulf Coast. [16] By comparison, production of petroleum in the United States averaged 9.4million barrels (1.5million cubic meters) per day in first-half 2015, with gross exports of 500,000 barrels (79,000m3) per day through July 2015. This included the shortening of the pipeline to 875 miles (1,408km); its avoidance of "crossing the NDEQ-identified Sandhills Region" and "reduction of the length of pipeline crossing the Northern High Plains Aquifer system, which includes the Ogallala formation". [53], On November 10, 2011, the Department of State postponed a final decision while investigating "potential alternative routes around the Sandhills in Nebraska" in response to concerns that the project was not in the United States' national interest. De Souza, Mike. [106], The United States section is 2,219 kilometres (1,379mi) long. [225], TransCanada claims that they will take 100% responsibility for any potential environmental problems. [41] and in March 2010, the National Energy Board approved the project. "[57], On January 22, 2014, the Gulf Coast Extension (Phase III) was completed running 784 kilometres (487mi) from Cushing to refineries at Port Arthur, Texas. [168] After completion of the Keystone XL line, oil pipelines to the U.S. may run nearly half-empty. Natural Resources Defense Council 2023 Privacy Policy [17], A proposed fourth pipeline, called Keystone XL (sometimes abbreviated KXL, with XL standing for "export limited"[18]) Pipeline, would have connected the Phase I-pipeline terminals in Hardisty, Alberta, and Steele City, Nebraska, by a shorter route and a larger-diameter pipe. But the groundswell of public protest was up against a formidable opponenthundreds of millions spent on lobbying by the fossil fuel industry. TC Energy is applying for permits to tap the Cheyenne River, White River (South Dakota), and Bad River (South Dakota) for use during construction primarily for drilling to install pipe, to build pump stations and to control dust. Even though the TransCanada Keystone XL pipeline will be buried nearly 20 feet underground, In addition, TransCanada has submitted a secret document to the Canadian government that states that the KXL pipeline will cause a hike in gas prices in the Midwest. Fact: It appears that the government review process for Keystone XL has been completely fair. [212][notes 2] On March 21, Mother Jones revealed that key personnel employed by Environment Resources Management (ERM), the consulting firm responsible for generating most of the SEIS, had previously performed contract work for TransCanada corporation. CVR alleged that the final tolls for the Canadian segment of the pipeline were 146% higher than initially presented, while the tolls for the U.S. segment were 92% higher. Historic flooding recently inundated parts of the Cornhusker State where the proposed Keystone XL pipeline would pass through. [28], The U.S. portion of the Keystone Pipeline included 1,744 kilometres (1,084mi) of new, 30-inch-diameter (760mm) pipeline in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, and Illinois. [29] Later that year, TransCanada began the process of becoming the sole owner of the pipeline. Although the spill did not happen on Sioux property, it was in close enough proximity to potentially contaminate the aquifer used for water. [92], On March 31, 2020, CEO Russ Girling announced that TC Energy "will proceed with construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline" and thanked President Donald Trump, Alberta Premier Jason Kenney, and other government officials for "support and advocacy" for Keystone XL. "[226], Different environmental groups, citizens, and politicians have raised concerns about the potential negative impacts of the Keystone XL project. [241][242] The leak was the largest in the United States in nearly a decade. [230][235] In April 2018, a federal investigation found that 408,000 US gallons (1,540m3) of crude had spilled at the site, almost twice what TransCanada had reported. [6][16], On January 24, 2017, in his first week in office, President Donald Trump signed a presidential memorandum to revive both Keystone XL pipelines,[70][71] which "would transport more than 800,000 barrels [130,000m3] per day of heavy crude" from Alberta to the Gulf Coast. Extremist Mass Killings in 2022 Linked to Far Right . its plants and animals, and the natural systems on which all life depends. The decision echoed a seven-year State Department review process with EPA input that concluded the pipeline would fail to serve national interests. Furthermore, the project cannot create such a high number of jobs for Native Americans. [3], The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration began an investigation into the leak. Its nasty stuff., A fully realized Keystone XL would have led to more mining of that nasty stuff by accelerating the pace at which its produced and transported. [5] Pipelines in the Keystone Pipeline System go through stress tests prior to use. [30] The original Keystone Pipeline cost US$5.2 billion. In addition, due to its vulnerability to spill accidents, there have been many keystone pipeline facts and myths speculating this pipeline project. Some three million miles of oil and gas pipelines already run through our country, but KXL wasnt your average pipeline, and tar sands oil isnt your average crude. The leak spilled 14,000 barrels (or nearly 600,000 . When President Obama rejected and canceled the permits for Keystone XL, many labor/workers associations and organizations came forward in support of this decision. Phase 4 is the "Keystone XL Pipeline" that President Joe Biden canceled. However, this project is seeing protests by environmentalists and American due to its severe consequences on environmental safety, public health, jobs, and energy security. On July 6, 2020, in the US Army Corps of Engineers v. Northern Plains Resource Council case, the Supreme Court of the United States ordered all Keystone XL work be halted. However, the volume of oil imported into the US from Venezuela dropped in half from 2007 to 2014, as overall Venezuelan exports have dropped, and also as Venezuela seeks to become less dependent on US purchases of its crude oil. [277] In late 2014 Enbridge announced it is awaiting final approval from the US State Department and expects to proceed with the last phase in mid-2015. Press Esc to cancel. (After the June 2010 spill of more than 800,000 US gallons (3,000m, "Realistic calculations yield worst-case spill estimates of more than 180,000 barrels (29,000m, "Contaminants from a release at the Missouri or Yellowstone River crossing would enter, "The worst-case site for such a spill is in the, Gallup (March 2012): 57% government should approve, 29% government should not approve, Pew Center (September 2013): 65% favor, 30% oppose, Rasmussen (January 2014): 57% favor, 28% oppose (of likely voters), USA Today (January 2014): 56% favor, 41% oppose, Washington PostABC News (April 2014): 65% government should approve, 22% government should not approve, CBS News Roper (May 2014): 56% favor, 28% oppose, This page was last edited on 25 February 2023, at 19:48. Some of those landowners gave testimony for a House Energy and Commerce Committee hearing in May 2011. Keystone XL would have crossed agriculturally important and environmentally sensitive areas, including hundreds of rivers, streams, aquifers, and water bodies. This pipeline has a strong chance of leaking, and if so, it could contaminate the water. [155] The large trade relationship between the US and Venezuela has persisted despite political tensions between the two countries. [citation needed], From January 2018 through December 31, 2019, Keystone XL development costs were $1.5 billion. It would be too expensive for the companies to ship by rail. Other than this, problems also exist on the ground where people are busy fighting against deforestation and water pollution caused by this project. Court Pulls Key Permit for Massive (and Dirty) Atlantic Coast Pipeline, Hey, Army Corps of EngineersShow Us Your Work in Your DAPL Report, Week 88: Trumps Runaway Train of Deregulation. These spills could release as much as 180,000 barrels (29,000m3) of oil each."[223]. [152][153] TransCanada CEO Russ Girling has argued that "the U.S. needs 10 million barrels a day of imported oil" and the debate over the proposed pipeline "is not a debate of oil versus alternative energy. The market case had also deteriorated. [245] On June 23, 2010, 50Democrats in Congress in their letter to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton warned that "building this pipeline has the potential to undermine America's clean energy future and international leadership on climate change", referencing the higher input quantity of fossil fuels necessary to take the tar and turn it into a usable fuel product in comparison to other conventionally derived fossil fuels. Suncor Energy hoped to recoup significant construction-related tolls, though the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission did not rule in their favor. [64], On November 3, 2015, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry issued a determination that the project was not in the public interest. [97], On January 20, 2021, United States President Joe Biden revoked the permit for the pipeline on his first day in office. It would have sliced through Montana, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas and. The Keystone Pipeline System, stretching 4,324 km (2,687-miles) in length, plays a key role in delivering Canadian and U.S. crude oil supplies to markets around North America. A September 2013 poll by the Pew Center found 65% favored the project and 30% opposed. [29] It also involved construction of 23pump stations and delivery facilities at Wood River, Illinois and Patoka, Illinois. Low oil prices and increasing public concern over the climate led Shell, Exxon, Equinor (then Statoil), and Total to either sell their tar sands assets or whittle them down. [31]:5[101] The pipeline system was originally developed as a partnership between TransCanada and ConocoPhillips, but TransCanada announced plans to buy ConocoPhillips' interest in Keystone in June 2009. [183], Bill McKibben, environmental and global warming activist and founder of 350.org, the group that organized the 2009 international protestsdescribed by CNN as "the most widespread day of political action in the planet's history"led the opposition to the construction of the Keystone XL pipeline. According to The Globe and Mail, The refiners argue that construction overruns have raised the cost of shipping on the Canadian portion of Keystone by 145 per cent while the U.S. portion has run 92 per cent over budget. Throughout the process, the US government and officials from the department of energy are seen favoring the project and a special group of people. OPINION: In the last few weeks, much of the rhetoric about energy has focused on President Biden's cancellation of the Keystone XL pipeline and his de facto suspension of new oil and gas leases. On February 24, 2015, the bill was vetoed and returned for congressional action. [19] It would have run through Baker, Montana, where American-produced light crude oil from the Williston Basin (Bakken formation) of Montana and North Dakota would have been added[12] to the Keystone's throughput of synthetic crude oil (syncrude) and diluted bitumen (dilbit) from the oil sands of Canada. If anything happens on the Keystone XL Pipeline, rapid response is key. In 2011, Russ Girling, president and CEO of TransCanada, touted the positive impact of the project as "putting 20,000US workers to work and spending $7billion stimulating the US economy", according to a report they commissioned. The black snake is a reference to something that is sneaky, dangerous and sinister, which is the way the Sioux Nation views the Keystone Pipeline. [144] An investigation by the magazine Mother Jones revealed that the State Department had redacted the biographies of the study's authors to hide their previous contract work for TransCanada and other oil companies with an economic interest in the project. It became a symbol too often used as a campaign cudgel by both parties rather than a serious policy matter. Nevertheless, in the mid-2000s, with gas prices on the rise, oil companies ramped up production and sought additional ways to move their product from Canadas remote tar sands fields to midwestern and Gulf Coast refineries. Additionally, the review process for the KXL pipeline project was outsourced by the US government to a company that has close ties with TransCanada. On the campaign trail, Biden vowed to cancel the Keystone XL cross-border permit should he win the presidencyand on his first day in office, he made good on that promise. The Keystone XL pipeline, which would have expanded an existing system transporting oil from Canada to the Gulf Coast, has been a political and environmental battleground since its conception. Opposition to Keystone XL centered on the devastating environmental consequences of the project. On March 17, 2008, during the final year of the Presidency of George W. Bush, the United States Department of State issued a Presidential Permit authorizing the construction, maintenance and operation of facilities at the United States and Canada border. The Canadian portion of the pipeline runs from Hardisty, AB, east through Manitoba where it turns south and crosses the border into North Dakota. Fact: For those of you who have heard this claim that organized labor is in support of this pipeline, heres the shocking truth. These sands contain bitumen, a gooey type of petroleum that can be converted into fuel. On January 9, 2015, the Nebraska Supreme Court cleared the way for construction, after Republican Governor Dave Heineman had approved of it in 2013. By the time President Biden took office in 2021, ready to fulfill his campaign promise to revoke the cross-border permit, the dirty energy pipeline had become one of the foremost climate controversies of our time. [125], On September 19, 2011, a number of Indigenous tribal leaders in the United States and Canada were arrested for protesting the Keystone XL outside the White House. [267], An Angus Reid Institute poll, published on March 9, 2017, showed that 48% of respondents across Canada supported the Keystone XL revival, while 33% opposed it, and 20% were uncertain. And these exports are more than 10 times the capacity of the proposed Keystone XL pipeline. [174] By May 2012, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper had spent $9 million and $16.5 million by May 2013 to promote Keystone XL. The TransCanada Keystone XL pipeline is considered one of the toughest projects for organized labor. In turn, it will impact Americas energy security and its economy by lowering energy prices. However, people, environmental activities, and organizations working on climate change strongly oppose this project. On March 2, 2014, approximately 10001200 protesters marched from Georgetown University to the White House to stage a protest against the Keystone Pipeline. [227], The main issues are the risk of oil spills along the pipeline, which would traverse highly sensitive terrain, and 17% higher greenhouse gas emissions from the extraction of oil sands compared to extraction of conventional oil. [143] Project opponents panned the study on its release, calling it a "deeply flawed analysis". The study found that the pipeline would have limited adverse environmental impacts, but was authored by a firm that had "previously worked on projects with TransCanada and describes the pipeline company as a 'major client' in its marketing materials". [68], On March 24, 2017, Trump signed a presidential permit to allow TransCanada to build the Keystone XL pipeline. [185] A broad coalition of protesters, including Phil Radford, Daryl Hannah,[186] Dave Heineman, Ben Nelson, Mike Johanns and Susie Tompkins Buell challenged him to keep that promise. Good Luck Persuading These Nebraskans, The Dirty Fight Over Canadian Tar Sands Oil, 10 Threats from the Canadian Tar Sands Industry, The Dakota Access Pipeline Fight Fuels Battles Across the Country, Still No Approved Route for KXL in Nebraska, Meet Jane Kleeb: One of Nebraskas First and Fiercest KXL Opponents, Why We Must Stop the Flow of Tar Sands Oil, Win! 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